2021年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案

Section A

　　Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A,B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Dialogue One

　　A. And then maybe we can go out to eat tonight.

　　B. Let me look at the newspaper.

　　C. And what should we do after we go to see the movie?

　　Girl: Dad, I'm bored. Can l go to a movie today?

　　Dad:A movie today? Well,I don't know.Ah, here it is a movie that starts in the afternoon at 2:45. Well, should we take mommy with us?

　　Girl: Yeah.

　　Dad: Okay, we have to wait for mommy because she's going to meeting right now.

　　Girl: Okay.

　　Dad: Alright._2

　　Girl: Go on a walk to the beach?

　　Dad:Well that sounds great.3Does that sound okay?

　　Girl: Yeah.

　　答案：BCA

　　Dialogue Two

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section there is one incomplete dialogue which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Part II Vocabulary (10 points)

　　Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A,B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　11.We adopt and cling to beliefs because--or partly because--it pays to do it.

　　A.agree on B.rely on C.attend to D.stick to

　　12.Five firemen narrowly escaped death when a staircase collapsed beneath their feet.

　　A.before B.beside C.below D.behind

　　13.The new administration hopes that such measures will consolidate its position.

　　A.illustrate B.strengthen C.promote D.defend

　　14.Knowledge exposes us to the wonderful diversity of the world and gives a better perspective on life.

　　A.expectation B. viewpoint C.future D.value

　　15.Like any other medical symptoms.a sharp drop in body temperature may have many causes.

　　A gradual B.slight C.dramatic D.typical

　　16.He has a delicate stomach and often gets sick when travelling.

　　A.subtle B.refined C.exquisite D.weak

　　17.The facilities in some areas are out of date while those in others are very modern.

　　A.damaged B.endangered C.unfashionable D.unfavorable

　　18 Under no circumstances should we do anything against the will of the people.

　　A.In no case B.For no reason C.By no means D.At no moment

　　答案:11--15 DCBBC 16--18 DCA
 

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (25 points)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Passage One

　　Today's grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social media, but the different generations' online habits couldn't be more different. In the UK the over-55s are joining Facebook in increasing numbers, meaning that they will soon be the site's second biggest user group, with 3.5 million users aged 55 - 64 and 2.9 million over-65s.

　　Sheila, aged 59,says, 1 joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them. It's a much better way to see what they're doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post. That's how we did it when i was a child, but i think I'm lucky i get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.

　　Ironically, Sheila's grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 in the UK are leaving the site - only 2.2 million users are under17 but they're not going far from their smartphones,Chloe,aged 15,even sleeps with her phone.it's my alarm clock so l have to" she says. 1 look at it before l go to sleep and as soon as i wake up.

　　Unlike her grandmother's generation, Chloe's age group is spending so much time on their phones at home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real lifeSheila,on the other hand,has made contact with old friends from school she hasn't heard from in forty years."We use Facebook to arrange to meet all over the country she says. "it's changed my social life completely.

　　Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone, Peter,38 and father of two teenagers, reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop constantly.1 was always connected and i felt like i was always working' he says. 'How could i tell my kids to get off their phones if I was always in front of a screen myself?So,in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into an old-style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text messages. ''m not completely cut off from the world in case of emergencies, but the important thing is I'm setting a better example to my kids and spending more quality time with them.'

　　Is it only a matter of time until the generation above and below Peter catches up with the new trend for a less digital life?

　　译文:

　　如今，祖父母们也在社交媒体上加入了孙辈的行列，但不同世代的上网习惯却大相径庭。在英国，55岁以上的脸书用户越来越多，这意味着他们将很快成为该网站的第二大用户群，目前55至64岁的用户有350万，65岁以

　　59岁的希拉说，"我加入进来是想看看我的孙子们在做什么，因为我女儿会上传他们的视频和照片。"相比等待正在邮寄的信件和照片，这是一个更好的了解他们在做什么的方式。我小的时候就是这么做的，但我觉得自己很幸

　　讽刺的是，希拉的孙子们自己不太可能使用脸书。17岁以下的儿童正在远离该网站--只有220万17 岁以下的用户--但他们不会远离自己的智能手机。15岁的克洛伊甚至睡觉时都抱着手机。她说:"这是我的闹钟，所以我必须这样做。我睡觉前和起床后都会看手机。"

　　与她祖母那一代不同，克洛伊这个年龄段的人花太多时间在家里玩手机，以至于他们错过了在现实生活中与朋友们相处的时间。另一方面，希拉与40年没有联系过的校园老友取得了联系。她说"我们通过脸书安排在全国各地见面。这完全改变了我的社交生活。

　　青少年之所以智能手机和社交媒体成瘾可能要归咎于他们的父母，因为他们的父母是智能手机的早期使用者。38岁的彼得是两个十几岁孩子的父亲，他说他过去经常使用手机或笔记本电脑。他说"我一直与外界保持联系，我觉得自己一直在工作。如果我自己总是坐在屏幕前，我怎么能让孩子们放下手机?"所以，在晚上和周末，他从智能手机中取出SIM卡，把它装进一台只能打电话和发短信的老式手机里。”在紧急情况下，我并不是完全与世隔绝，但重要的是我为我的孩子们树立了一个更好的榜样，花更多的时间和他们在一起。"

　　Passage Two

　　lf you've ever hosted a mouse as a houseguest, you know they can be incredibly clever at finding your food.And that makes sense.

　　They had to become better in traits like problem solving because we became better at hiding our food from them."

　　Anja Guenther is with the Max Planck institute in Germany.She says that battle of the minds has made mice craftier over time.

　　"The longer the mice lived with humans, the better they are at problem-solving."

　　You see, there are more than a dozen subspecies of house mice worldwide. And each began cohabiting with humans at different times in our evolutionary history. For example ....“Mus musculus domesticus."

　　it began raiding human pantries around 12,000 years ago.“Mus musculus musculus."

　　Our relationship with them began some 8.000 years ago.“And Mus musculus castaneus."

　　It's a relative newcomer who began cohabiting only 3.000 to 5.000 years ago.

　　And that spread in evolutionary life histories, with constituents from all three groups, gave Guenther's team an opportunity.They gathered 150 mice-representing all three groups-and tested them with seven different food puzzles. Each puzzle was baited with a mealworm, which the mice could only get by pushing or pulling a lid, for example,or extracting a ball of paper from a tube or opening the window of a Lego house.

　　And they found that the longer a mouse variety had lived with humans, the more likely it was to solve these food puzzles.

　　“So, basically, what we are left at, with trying to explain these results that we see, is that the mice really developed higher enhanced cognitive abilities while living with humans." The results appear in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

　　As the human footprint on the globe expands, Guenther says it's more important than ever to understand how we influence animal minds to learn why some creatures, like housemice, adapt-while others simply die out.

　　如果家里曾经曾经有老鼠做客，你就会知道老鼠在寻找食物方面是否多么出色。这其实也能理解。

　　“它们必须在解决问题方面变得更好，因为我们越来越擅长藏食物。”

　　安雅·冈瑟就职于德国马克斯·普朗克研究所。她说，随着时间的推移，心智之战让老鼠变得更加狡猾。

　　“老鼠和人类生活的时间越长，它们解决问题的能力就越强。”

　　你看，世界上有十几种家鼠亚种。它们在人类进化史的不同时期开始与人类共存。例如……

　　西欧家鼠

　　大约在12000年前，它开始袭击人类的食品储藏室。

　　小白鼠

　　我们与它们的关系始于约8000年前。

　　“还有板栗鼠。”

　　它相对而言，是一个新人，在3000到5000年前，才开始与人类进行同居。

　　在生命进化的历史中，这一基因的传播包含了所有三个群体的成分，给了冈瑟的团队一个机会。他们收集了150只老鼠(代表所有三组)，用7种不同的食物拼图测试。每个拼图都用粉虫作为诱饵，老鼠只能通过推或拉盖子、从管子里抽出纸团或打开乐高房子的窗户来获得粉虫。

　　他们发现，老鼠和人类生活的时间越长，就越有可能解决这些食物难题。

　　“所以，基本上，解释我们所看到的结果就是，老鼠和人类在一起生活时，确实发展出了更高的认知能力。”

　　这项研究结果发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上。

　　随着人类在地球上的足迹不断扩大，岗瑟说，了解我们人类如何影响家鼠等动物的思维，比了解为什么有些动物直接灭绝更加重要。

　　Passage Three

　　I am starting to worry about the electric car. Not the thing itself; I've found electric vehicles to be superior to their fossil-powered predecessors in just about every important way,and although I am a car-crazy Californian, I don't expect to buy a lung-destroying, pollution-spewing gas car ever again.

　　But electric motors are merely a power source,not a panacea. From General Motors' Super Bowl ads to President Biden's climate-change plans,plug-in cars are now being cast as a central player in America's response to a warming future. The planet will be much better off if we switch to electric cars. But gauzy visions of the guilt-free highways of tomorrow could easily distract us from the larger and more entrenched problem with America's transportation system. That problem isn't just gas-fueled cars but car-fueled lives a view of the world in which huge private automobiles are the default method of getting around. In this way Es represent a very American answer to climate change: To deal with an expensive dangerous,extremely resource-intensive machine that has helped bring about the destruction of the planet, let's all buy this new version, which runs on a different fuel.

　　During his time as mayor of South Bend,Ind.,Pete Buttigieg, the new secretary of transportation, advocated plans to reduce car dependency. But asking Americans to begin to imagine a future of fewer, smaller cars and less driving will be a great political heave. I can already imagine the Fox News segments pillorying Biden and Mayor Pete for their "war" on S.U.Vs and pickup trucks.

　　译文:

　　我开始担心电动汽车了。不是事物本身，我发现电动汽车几乎在所有重要方面都优于其前辈-化石燃料，我是一个痴迷于汽车的加利福尼亚人，但我并不想再买一辆制造污染、伤害肺部的汽油车了。

　　但电动机仅仅是一种动力来源，而不是万灵药。从通用汽车的超级碗广告到拜登总统的气候变化计划，插电式汽车现在正成为美国应对气候变暖的核心角色--把一个完全合理的技术希望变成了夸大的炒作。

　　如果我们改用电动汽车，地球会变得好很多。但是，对未来没有任何负罪感的高速公路的模糊愿景，可能很容易把我们的注意力从美国交通系统更大、更根深蒂固的问题上转移开。

　　这个问题不仅仅是汽油汽车，还有以汽车为动力的生活--一种认为大型私人汽车是默认出行方式的世界观。在这种情况下电动汽车代表了一种非常美国式的应对气候变化的方式:为了应对一种昂贵、危险、极度消耗资源，会导致地球毁灭的机器，让我们都买这个使用不同燃料的新版本吧。

　　在印第安纳州南本德市(SouthBend)担任市长期间，新任交通部长皮特·布蒂吉格(Pete Buttigieg)提倡减少对汽车依赖。但是，让美国人开始想象一个更少、更小的汽车和更少驾驶的未来，将是一种巨大的政治负担。我已经可以想象，福克斯新闻时段会嘲笑拜登和皮特市长对越野车和皮卡的"战争”。

　　Part IV Cloze (10 points)

　　Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the 46 men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in 47 from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were 48 their investments.

　　Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, 49 he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the 50 of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help 51 . "He who dies rich, dies disgraced," he often said.

　　Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that 52 his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh,which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also 53 a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University . Other philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to 54 scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.

　　Few Americans have been 55 untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.

　　46.A.wealth B.wealthy C.wealthier D.wealthiest

　　47.A.total B.all C.part D.sum

　　48.A.increase B. increasing C.reducing D.reduce

　　49.A. however B. because C.as D.but

　　50.A.value B.advantages C.benefit D.profit

　　51.A. themselves B.each other C.him D.others

　　52.A.echo B.bear C.remember D.catch

　　53.A. founded B.recovery C.built D.build

　　54.A funded B.fund C.create D.contribute

　　55.A.grown B.left C.influenced D.forgot

　　参考答案:46-50:DCCDC 51-55:ABABB

　　Part V Text Completion (20 points)

　　Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to 75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First,use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Note you should blacken the letters that indicate your answers on the Answer Sheet.

　　Text One

　　Text Two

　　A. fill B. variety C. include

　　A. 62 roots grasses, fruit, and bark

　　B 63 their trunks with water

　　D. C use a wide 64 of sounds

　　Asian elephants live in the tropical forests and grasslands of southeast Asia. Their ideal meals 65 . Much of Asian elephants’ time is spent searching for food. Actually these animals may travel 50 miles a day to find food. Asian elephants also enjoy taking dips in the water. To cool down their backsides, the animals will 66 and spray it over themselves like a hose.

　　Asian elephants are gentle and super-social. Related animals live with their young in herds adult males go off on their own. For communication with each other, they 67 . Some of their vocalizations can be heard more than a mile away.

　　参考答案：62-67:CABABC

　　Text Three

　　A. replaced B. watching letter D.write

　　B. Phrases:

　　A.playing video games or 68 television

　　B.69 by email instant, messaging and social media

　　C. taken the time to sit down and 70 something

　　D. receiving a 71 in the post

　　Not too long ago, many children enjoyed reading a good book in their spare time. Nowadays, adolescents are more likely to be seen_72 Some people even claim the can't go without watching their favorite TV programme-which is a bit extreme! Similarly, sending letters has become a thing of the past.It has been 73.I think this is a huge shame; for me,there is nothing better than 74 . It shows someone has_75_ , this is much more personal than a conversation online. For some people-especially the older generation-new methods of communication aren't so accessible.

　　参考答案：68-75:BADCABDC

　　Part VI Translation (10 points)

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.

　　Our lives would be remarkably limited without language. Our social interactions rely very heavily on language. We are considerably more knowledgeable than people of previous generations because knowledge passed on from one generation to the next via language.

　　What is language? According to Harley, it is a system of symbols and rules that enable us to communicate.Symbols are things that stand for other things: Words,either written or spoken,are symbols.The rules specify how words are ordered to form sentences. Communication is the primary function of language. We can use language for thinking, to record information, to express emotion,and so on.

　　【参考译文】

　　如果没有语言，我们的生活将受到极大限制。我们的社会互动在很大程度上依赖于语言。我们比上一代人的知识要丰富得多，因为知识是通过语言从一代传给另一代的。

　　什么是语言?根据哈雷的说法，它是一个能使我们进行交流的符号和规则系统。符号是代表其他事物的东西：词汇，无论是书面还是口头，都是符号。规则规定词汇如何排序以形成句子。交流是语言的主要功能。我们可以用语言来思考，来记录信息，来表达情感等等。

　　Part VIl Writing (15 points)

　　【参考范文】

　　作文分类：机器翻译能否完全取代人工翻译，此次作文属于现象类科技方面作文，读研教育强化班课程特别强调了现象类科技方面考察几率大，并给出了相关的预测话题，本次作文属于personalized online services的范围。

　　“三段论”写作框架：读研教育强化班写作课程中，着重分析了这种类型的写作方法和思路及论点，读研教育点睛班进行了进一步的延伸和拓展。

　　作文黄金模板：读研教育强化班写作课程，提供了现象类作文黄金模板，只要学生听过课程，记熟模板，加上三个现象类科技方面精彩论点(课上老师总结的)，这次题目是非常好写的!如果想拿高分，可自己补充一些论据即可!

　　why machine translation cannot fully replace human translators?

　　Nowadays, with the development of technology , there is a very controversial debate whether machine translation can fully replace human translators. Some people hold the idea that machine translation can fully replace human translators, while the rest have strong attitude toward the opposite. Personally, I am in favor of the latter .

　　Many possible reasons are responsible for the issue. To begin with, compared with human translation, machine translation are more convenient and less time-consuming , but the sentences or passages translated by machine translation are rigid and inflexible because machine translation cannot change or convert the meaning of the words or phrases according to different occasions. Moreover, if we depend on machine translation too much ,we are likely to lose our ability of thinking in translation. Last but not least, it will cause unemployment in the translation industries.

　　Taking all these into consideration, we may safely draw the conclusion that machine translation has its disadvantages and we should take a holistic approach to this issue.