2023年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试英语(二)真题及答案

　　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you're the CEO of a small business, and though you're making a nice_1_, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is to_2_growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus_3_on finding ways to grow.

　　Let's look at a real-world_4_ . Prior to forming a growth team. The software company BitTorrenthad 50 employees working in the_5_departments of engineering.marketing and product development.This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The_6_was that too manycustomers were using the basic.free version of their product. And_7_improvements to the premium,paid version, few people were making the upgrade.

　　Things changed_8_, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,_9_a growth team and sparked the kind of_10_perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the_11_of upgrades was't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.

　　Armed with this_12_ , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently_13_the premium version to users of the free version._14_, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.

　　But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can_15_the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement. This leader will_16_the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the_17_of these goals.

　　The growth leader is also_18_for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions._19_attractive, new ideas can be distracting. The team leader must recognize when these ideas don't_20_the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.

　　1.[A] purchase [B] profit [C]connection [D] bet

　　2.[A] define [B] predict [C] prioritize [D] appreciate

　　3.[A] exclusively [B] temporarily [C] potentially [D] initially

　　4.[A] experiment [B] proposal [C] debate [D] example

　　5.[A] identical [B] marginal [C] provisional [D]traditional

　　6.[A] rumor [B] secret [C] myth [D] problem

　　7.[A] despite [B] unlike [C] through [D] besides

　　8.[A] moreover [B] however [C] therefore [D] again

　　9.[A] inspected [B] created [C] expanded [D]reformed

　　10.[A] cultural [B] objective [C]fresh [D] personal

　　11.[A] end [B] burden [C] lack [D]decrease2

　　12.[A] policy [B]suggestion [C]purpose [D] insight

　　13.[A] contributing [B] allocating [C]promoting [D]transferring

　　14.[A]As a result [B] At any rate [C] By the way [D] In a sense

　　15.[A] unite [B] finance [C] follow [D] choose

　　16.[A] share [B] identify [C]divide [D] broaden

　　17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D] accomplishment

　　18.[A] famous [B] responsible [C] available [D]respectable

　　19.[A] Before [B] Once [C]While [D] Unless

　　20.[A] serve [B] limit [C] summarize [D] alter

　　【答案】1-5:BCADD  6-10:DABBC 11-15:CDCAA 16-20:BDBBA

　　1.【答案】 B

　　【题型】逻辑关系

　　【解析】本句提及 nice 为好的方面，根据固定搭配 make a profit,故选 B.其它选项分别为 A.购买、C.联系、D.赌金。

　　2.【答案】C

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】本句提及所要做的优先事项，故选 C.其它选项分别为 A.定义、B.预测、D.感激。

　　3.【答案】A

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】本句提及 focus 为集中，强调专门，特定，故选 A.其它选项分别为 B.暂时地、C.潜在地、D.首要地。

　　4.【答案】D

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据本句前面提到“让我们看下.”及后面提及具体例子，故选 D.其它选项分别为 A.实验、B.建议、C.争论。

　　5.【答案】D

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据本句后面提及的几个部门种类，可以看出为传统的部门，故选 D.其它选项分别为 A.完全相同的、B.边际的、C.暂时的。

　　6.【答案】D

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据本句前面提及 2012 年，结果很好，本句开始讲到不好的方面，故选 D 问题。其它选项分别为 A.谣言、B.秘密、C.神话。

　　7.【答案】 A

　　【题型】逻辑关系

　　【解析】根据逻辑关系，前面提到提升，后面说的没有人提升，前后逻辑相反，故选 A 尽管。其它选项分别为 B.不像、C.通过、D.而且。

　　8.【答案】B

　　【题型】逻辑关系

　　【解析】根据前面提到事情发生转变，前后逻辑相反，故选 B 然而。其它选项分别为 A.而且、C.因此、D.再次。

　　9.【答案】B

　　【题型】语义理解【解析】根据 and 后面提到引发，故选 B 创造。其它选项分别为 A.检查、C.扩大、D.改革。

　　10.【答案】 C

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据前面提到创造，了解他们所需的是新颖的见解，故选 C 新颖的。其它选项分别为 A.文化的、B.客观的、D.个人的。

　　11.【答案】 C

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据意思及固定搭配后面的 of, 故选 C 缺少。其它选项分别为 A.结尾、B.负担、D.减少。

　　12.【答案】 D

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据复现原则，前面提及见解，故选 D 洞察力。其它选项分别为 A.政策、B.建议、C.目的。

　　13.【答案】C

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据前面意思提及提升，故选 C 促进。其它选项分别为 A.贡献、B.分配、D.转型。

　　14.【答案】 A

　　【题型】逻辑关系

　　【解析】根据前后为因果逻辑关系，故选 A 因此。其它选项分别为 B.无论如何、C 顺便提及、D.在某种意义上。

　　15.【答案】 A

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据前面提到领导，需要联合整个团队，故选 A 联合。其它选项分别为 B.资助、C 跟随、D.选择。

　　16.【答案】 B

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据前后意思理解，识别目标区域，故选 B 识别。其它选项分别为 A.分享、C 分开、D.拓宽。

　　17.【答案】 D

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据后面提到目标，为实现目标，故选 D 实现。其它选项分别为 A.宣告、B 评估、C.调整。

　　18.【答案】B

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据前后搭配，be responsible for 对……负责，故选 B 负责的。其它选项分别为 A.有名的、C 可获得的、D.值得尊敬的，体面的。

　　19.【答案】C

　　【题型】逻辑关系

　　【解析】根据前后逻辑关系相反，故选 C 尽管。其它选项分别为 A.之前、B 曾经、D.如果不。

　　20.【答案】A

　　【题型】语义理解

　　【解析】根据前后逻辑关系相反，故选 A 服务，对……有用。其它选项分别为 B.限制、C 总结、D.改变。

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B.C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut-- and it is theenvironment that is paying the price.About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year butopposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fakegrass from this year's event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS),which runs the annual show in the west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.

　　Ed Home, of the RHS, said:" We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits.which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.

　　"The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account, which claims to "cut through the green-wash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage" tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11, 282 signatures.

　　However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which needs mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol.The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass, tend to use their garden more.The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.

　　In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns,which gathered 30.000 signatures,the government responded that it has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass."

　　It added:" We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives."

　　21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass___

　　[A] is harmful to the environment

　　[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles

　　[C] is overpraised in the annual show

　　[D] is ruining the view of west London

　　22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners___

　　[A] disappointment with the RHS

　　[B] resistance to fake grass use

　　[C] anger over the proposed tax

　　[D] concern about real grass supply

　　23.In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out___

　　[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass

　　[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass

　　[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns

　　[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection

　　24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?

　　[A] Urge legislation to restrict its use.

　　[B] Take measures to guarantee its quality.

　　[C] Remind its users to obey existing rules.

　　[D] Replace it with sustainable alternatives.

　　25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass___

　　[A] is being improved continuously

　　[B] has seen a market share decline

　　[C] is becoming increasingly affordable

　　[D] has been a controversial product

　　【答案】21-25：ABBCD

　　21.【答案】A

　　【题型】人名观点题

　　【解析】根据定位词 RHS 和 plastic grass 定位第一段末句，The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS),which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.可确定和 A 选项是同义转换。harmful 替换 damage.

　　22.【答案】 B

　　【题型】例证题

　　【解析】根据定位词 petitions 定位第三段第三句，例证题的答案在例子前面，所以看前一句，前一句还是个例子，所以再看前一句，也就是第三段首句，The RHS' s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes.可确定和 B 选项，对于假草坪的抵制，是同义转换。

　　23.【答案】B

　　【题型】例证题

　　【解析】 根据定位词 supporters of fake grass 定位第四段第一句, However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol.可以看出假草坪支持者是认为真草坪有一些缺点，可确定和 B 选项是同义转换。

　　24.【答案】C

　　【解析】细节题。定位在最后一段，must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity。comply with 和 obey 是同义替换，干扰选项 D 只是鼓励，并不是直接替代。

　　25.【答案】D

　　【解析】细节题。从最后两段可知，政府也没有计划去阻止 plastic grass 的使用,但是也要求在法律规定之内操作，同时也鼓励公共部门]进行采取环保方案来替代当前的状况。

　　Text 2

　　It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?

　　But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis.Collectively，they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion.Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.

　　But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior-Department's Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us -believe.Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average,only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.

　　Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.

　　The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks,and we found that Americans place a very high value on them--whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and Internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.

　　The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America's past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites -- including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.

　　The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.

　　26. What problem are U.S national parks faced with?

　　[A] Decline of business profits.

　　[B] Inadequate commercialization.

　　[C] Lack of transportation services.

　　[D] Poorly maintained infrastructure.

　　27. Increased privatization of campground may___

　　[A] spoil visitor experience

　　[B] help preserve nature

　　[C] bring operational pressure

　　[D] boost visitors to parks

　　28. According to paragraph 5 most respondents in the survey would___

　　[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis

　　[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks

　　[C] agree to pay extra for the national parks

　　[D] support the national parks' recent reforms

　　29. The national parks are valuable in that they___

　　[A] lead the way in tourism

　　[B] have historical significance

　　[C] sponsor research on climate

　　[D] provide an income for the locals

　　30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system___

　　[A] is able to cope with staff shortages

　　[B] is able to meet visitors' demands

　　[C] is in need of a new pricing policy

　　[D] is in need of a funding increase

　　【答案】26-30：DACBD

　　26.【答案】D

　　【解析】该题为细节题，根据题干中定位词"problems","U.S. national parks"回 原文定位到第二段第一句: U.S. national parks are in crisis.'下文中的they have a maintenance backlog of more than 512 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.可以得到正确答案 D.

　　27.【答案】 A

　　【题型】推断题

　　【解析】根据定位词 Increased privatization of campground 定住第四段首句 Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.此外，日益增加的私有化肯定会削弱每年 3 亿游客来到公园的主要原因之一：享受自然，从淹没日常生活的商业浪潮中获得片刻休息。合理推断出私有化会破会游客的体验感。

　　28.【答案】 C

　　【题型】 事实细节题

　　【解析】根据定位词 most respondents in the survey 定位第五段末句，Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.对应 C 选项同义转述。

　　29.【答案】B

　　【题型】原因题

　　【解析】根据定位词 national parks are valuable 定位第六段，答案在末句，The parks also help keep America's past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites--including Ellis Island and Gettysburg - and to bring the stories of these places to life。对应 B 选项:具有历史重要性，同义转述。

　　30.【答案】 D

　　【题型】推理判断题

　　【解析】根据定位词 national park system 定位第七段首句，段首说 national parks 一直在小本经营shoestring, congress 每年所拔的款不多，但同时参观的人数却在一直上升，由此可看出这些国家公园经费不足，对应 D 选项，需要资全增加。8

　　Text 3

　　The internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow, in 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain," for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers, in the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adopting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.

　　In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans, your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to leaning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that is not available on the Internet. "I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things." Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.

　　Still other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologist Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California Los Angeles.

　　"There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs," observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. "It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know."

　　31. Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will___

　　[A] analyze information in detail

　　[B] collect information efficiently

　　[C] switch its focus of memory

　　[D] extend its memory duration

　　32. The process of “cognitive offloading”___

　　[A] helps us identify false information

　　[B] keeps our memory from falling

　　[C] enables us to classify trivial facts

　　[D] lessens our memory burdens

　　33. Which of the following would sparrow support about the Internet?

　　[A] It may reform our learning approach

　　[B] It may impact our society negatively

　　[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology.

　　[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking.

　　34. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains___

　　[A] requires further academic research

　　[B] is most studied in older adults

　　[C] is reflected in our reading speed

　　[D] depends on our web-surfing habits

　　35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that___

　　[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly

　　[B] the Internet is weakening our memory

　　[C] memory exercise is a must for our brains

　　[D] our ability to focus declines with age

　　【答案】31-35：CDAAB

　　31.【答案】C

　　【题型】细节题

　　【解析】原文第-段首句给出 Sparrow 的观点，互联网只改变我们记忆的东西，而不改变我们的能力。然后开始描述她做过的实验，最后一句话又总结道，人们的记忆力井没有退化，而是在适应新的传播技术。由此可知，有了互联网，人类的大脑在转变记忆重点。A 选项，分析细节信息; B 选项，更高效的收集信息和 D 选项，延伸记忆长度，都不对。

　　32.【答案】D

　　【题型】细节题

　　【解析】首先，cognitive offloading 的意思是认知卸载，看 offload 的构词法，load 是装载，off 是向下，去掉，大概能猜出是“不要负担"的意思;然后回原文定位到第二段的第-句话，互联网已经成为我们记忆的外部硬盘了。也就是说帮我们承担了很大的记忆量。然后开始举例子，说本来这个角色是数据银行、图书馆或其他人承担的，比如你爸从来不记生日，是因为你妈帮他记了。就说明 cognitive offloading 就是减轻大脑记忆负担的意思。而 A 选项，帮我们辨认错误信息;B 选项，防止我们大脑坏掉和 C 选项，帮我们分类琐碎信息，都不对。

　　33.【答案】A

　　【题型】细节题

　　【解析】根据 34 题题干可知，本题答案应该还在第二段，间 Sparrow 对于互联网的态度，由原文第二段第四句可知,虽然很多人担心这对于社会有毁灭性影响，“这”就是“认知卸载”的过程，也就是互联网带来的影响，但是 Sparrow 看到了 upside,也就是正向态度。所以 B 选项，消极影响我们的社会和 D 选项，干扰我们的概念性思维，方向都不对;后面接着说，可能这个趋势 change our approach to learning,改变了我们学习的方式对应了 A 选项 reform our leaning approach,同义转述。C 选项，提高了我们对于科技的适应性，是答非所问。

　　34.【答案】A

　　【题型】事实细节题

　　【解析】根据定位调定位第三段首句，第二句说到目前没有实验证据表明 Internet 会对大脑产生影响，所以对应 A，需要进一步的学术研究，属于反话正说。

　　35.【答案】B

　　【题型】人名观点题

　　【解析】定位词 Sparrow 和 Storm，定位末段第一句，Storm 认为 Internet 的整体好处大于坏处，所以他不会认为 Internet 会损伤大脑记忆。结合第二段末 Sparrow 对于 Internet 的正面评价，可以得出这两人都是对 Internet 持有积极的态度，对应 B 选项。

　　Text 4

　　Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.

　　A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence.For a long time scientist and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.

　　The researchers studied prosocial and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 year sold. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative like getting drunk or staying out late.

　　Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior, teenagers were more likely. Than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend .

　　Most significantly,there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness.The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seen to develop together.

　　Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behaviors are related to what researchers call "reward sensitivity." Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. "Reward sensitivity" measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.

　　Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards- winning the game. Impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity like prosocial behavior and risk-taking. seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn't seen to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.

　　36. According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to___

　　[A] develop opposite personality traits

　　[B] see the world in an unreasonable way

　　[C] have found memories of their past

　　[D] show affection to their parents

　　37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study___

　　[A] explores teenagers' social responsibilities

　　[B] examines teenagers’ emotional problems

　　[C] provides a new insight into adolescence

　　[D] highlights negative adolescent behavior

　　38. What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?

　　[A] It results from the wish to cooperate.11

　　[B] It is cultivated through education.

　　[C] It is subject to family influence.

　　[D] It tends to peak in adolescence.

　　39. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers___

　　[A] over-stress their influence on others

　　[B] care a lot about social recognition

　　[C] become anxious about their future

　　[D] endeavor to live a joyful life

　　40. What is the text mainly about?

　　[A] Why teenagers are self-contradictory?

　　[B] Why teenagers are risk sensitive?

　　[C] How teenagers develop their prosociality?

　　[D] How teenagers become independent?

　　【答案】36-40：ACDBA

　　36.【答案】A

　　【题型】细节题

　　【解析】根据关键词定位到第一段。第一段第四句话，“在青少年时期，几乎所有事情都依赖大人的，无助和依赖的孩子成为了独立的人，他们可以照顾自己，互相帮助。”对应选项 A“发展相反的性格特征”。

　　37.【答案】C

　　【题型】细节题

　　【解析】根据关键词定位到第二段。第二段第二句话，“这项研究是关于青春期的新思潮的一部分。”对应选项 C。选项 A 中的 social responsibilities 未提及。选项 B 中的 emotional problems 未提及。选项 D“突出青少年的消极行为”曲解原文。原文第二段第一句讲的是“研究表明，青少年的积极面和消极面是相辅相成的。”

　　38.【答案】D.

　　【题型】细节题

　　【解析】根据关键词定位到第四段。第四段第一、二句话，“其他研究表明，叛逆行为随着青少年的成长而增加，然后随着年龄的增长而消失。但有趣的是，新的研究表明，亲社会行为也有同样的模式。”也就是说，“亲社会行为在青少年时期达到顶峰。”对应选项 D。选项 A 中的 cooperate未提及。选项 B 中的 education 未提及。选项 C 中的 family influence 也未提及。此题需要注意的是，虽然第三段也有提到 prosocial, 但并未提及研究结论。

　　39.【答案】B

　　【题型】推断题

　　【解析】此题应结合最后两段来看，倒数第二段前两句话提到，“这些明显矛盾的发展背后是否有一些共同因素? 一种观点认为，青少年的行为与研究人员所称的“奖励敏感性”有关。”最后一段第一句话讲到，“青少年对社交奖励特别敏感---赢得比赛，给新朋友留下深刻印象，让那个男孩注意到你。”通过比对选项，对应选项 B“非常关心社会认可”。

　　40.【答案】A

　　【题型】主旨题

　　【解析】本篇文章第一段一句讲到，青少年是矛盾的。随后的研究结论，揭示青少年的积极面和消极面是相辅相成的。然后提到，叛逆行为随着青少年的成长而增加，然后随着年龄的增长而消失。亲社会性和叛逆性之间存在正相关。更叛逆的青少年也更有可能帮助他人。青春期的好与坏似乎是共同发展的。最后两段写到，这些明显矛盾的发展背后是否有一些共同因素? 一种观点认为,青少年的行为与研究人员所称的“奖励敏感性”有关。青少年对社交奖励特别敏感，这些奖励会给新朋友留下深刻印象，让那个男孩注意到你。这些都是在解释说明，为什么青少年会自我矛盾。

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column, there are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your. Answers on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)

　　Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring

　　New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.

　　The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation. energy efficiency and heating. And state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.

　　The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.

　　Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more," he says.

　　Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home. Will be directly affected. "The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,he explains. "There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and my new windows or doors must be highly insulated."

　　Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.

　　Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and roof lights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss," he says.

　　As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.

　　Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator.

　　Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “Whilst admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of house-building at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership." Says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers. "An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs."

　　John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition” he says.

　　However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor, of PRP architects. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time."

　　【答案】41-45：DFBAG

　　41. Brian Berry D

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】定位到原文 Brian Berry 说的话，"All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,"在价格已经高得离谱的时候，所有这些都会增加成本。不可避免地，消费者将不得不支付更多的费用。

　　42. Garth Belsbam F

　　【答案】F

　　【解析】定位到原文 Garth Belsham 说的话，"There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated."对于延伸部分使用的玻璃数量有了新的规定,任何新的窗户或门都必须高度隔热。

　　43. Marcus Jefford B

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】定位到原文 Marcus Jefford 说的话. Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates 已经估算项目成本但尚未提交文件的建筑商可能需要回去提交新的估算。

　　44. John Kelly A

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】 定位到原文 John Kelly 的观点 believes prices will eventually come down. 以及 the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down 的同义替换。

　　45. Andrew Mellor G

　　【答案】 G

　　【解析】定位到原文 Andrew Mellor 的话, It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.目前情况显然会很不稳定，但随着时间的推移，他们会从中受益。

　　Part C

　　46. Directions:

　　Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)

　　In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.

　　Poetry is powerful, its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful. moving and inspiring.

　　No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really comes to life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.

　　【参考译文】

　　18 世纪晚期，威廉-华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。他是浪漫主义运动的创始人之一，该运动领扬自然世界的奇迹。

　　诗歌是有力量的。它的能量和节奏可以吸引读者，把他们带到另一个世界，让他们以不同的方式看待事物。通过精心挑选的词语和短语，诗歌可以是戏剧性的、有趣的，美丽的、动人的和鼓舞人心的。

　　没有人确切地知道诗歌是什么时候开始的，但它已经存在了数千年，甚至在人们会写字之前。这是一种讲述故事和传承历史的方式。它与歌曲密切相关，即使是写出来的，也通常是为了大声表演而创作的。诗歌朗诵起来才真正生动起来。这也有助于理解它们，因为单词的节奏和发音变得更加清晰。

　　Section III Writing

　　Part A

　　47. Directions:

　　An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday, and your friend David asks you which one he should go to. Write him an email to

　　1) make a suggestion, and

　　2) give your reason(s).

　　You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　Do not use your own name in the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

　　Do not write your address. (10 points)

　　【参考范文】

　　Dear David,

　　You asked me for my advice on which show you should choose and I may share my suggestion with you.

　　Considering that you major in artificial intelligence, so it is advisable for you to go to the robot show.There are two reasons. First of all, the show is beneficial to quickly learning the comprehensive perspective,such as the development of the robot and its specific application. In addition, the show may cultivate your logical thinking, magination and creativity better, which really matter in your future life. As we all know, as14competition is getting increasingly severe, one without a good knowledge of sophisticated technology will hardly find a desirable and well-paid job.

　　I do hope the above can be of some help to you in your decision. Please let me know if I can help further.

　　Sincerely yours

　　Li Ming

　　Part B

　　48. Directions:

　　Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should

　　1) interpret the chart, and

　　2) give your comments

　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)

　　健康素养(health literacy)是指个人获取和理解基本健康信息和服务，并运用这些信息和服务做出正确决策，以维护和促进自身健康的能力。健康素养水平指具备基本健康的人在总人群(15-69 岁城乡居民)中所占的比例。

　　【参考范文】

　　As is vividly revealed in the line chart, some noticeable changes have taken place in terms of health literacy level of Chinese residents from 2011 to 2021. According to the figures provided by the graph, one can see that the health literacy level of Chinese residents has been on a steady rise from 8.80% in 2012 to 25.40% in 2021.

　　It is of no difficulty to come up with some possible factors for these situation. Firstly, the improvement of people's living standards played a major role in this trend, which explains why health is playing an increasingly big role in our daily lives, and many people consider it to be indispensable to their lives.Secondly, we must admit that this tendency also has a lot to do with the turning of people's attitude. Health was once seen as a blessing. Today, however, things are changing and an increasing number of people realize that health is a must. Finally, the development of related industry is another significant factor that cannot be ignored, which means rich information and better service and an increasing health literacy level.

　　There will always be changes - new fashion, new services and new thinking. But the one thing we 15know for sure is that with each advance in our society, the best and brightest future will require every one of us to attach importance to health.